[Russia’s Foothold in Africa: Moscow’s Military Presence and Influence in the Continent
As Russia’s influence in Africa expands, the Kremlin is solidifying its military presence and security ties with various countries on the continent. President Faustin-Archange Touadéra of the Central African Republic (CAR) has been protected by Kremlin-backed mercenaries from Wagner, a private Russian military force, since 2018. Touadéra’s government has been accused of human rights violations, and Wagner’s forces have been implicated in abuses and misconduct.
The CAR is not the only country where Russia has a significant military presence. Russia is also bolstering its presence in the Sahel region, which is plagued by coups, armed rebellion, and extremist insurgency. In West and Central Africa, former French colonies such as Ivory Coast and Chad are demanding the withdrawal of French and other Western forces, paving the way for Russia to fill the vacuum.
Moscow’s influence in Africa is also driven by its desire to counter Western influence on the continent. The US and France have traditionally been the dominant powers in Africa, but Russia is now increasingly asserting its presence. China has also made significant inroads in Africa, financing development projects and expanding its military ties with African countries.
In CAR, Wagner’s mercenaries have become the dominant force, following the final exit of French troops in 2022. The Russian military presence has been credited with helping to stabilize the country, but at a cost. Human rights groups have accused Wagner’s forces of committing abuses and human rights violations.
Russia’s military presence in Africa is also linked to its interests in natural resources. Wagner’s forces have been accused of plundering gold and other natural resources in Sudan and the CAR. A report by the World Gold Council estimated that Wagner’s earnings from its illicit gold dealings in Africa amount to an estimated $2.5 billion since the start of Russia’s war in Ukraine.
The Russian military presence in Africa has also raised concerns about the country’s intentions. A US State Department report published last February outlined how Kremlin-funded disinformation had taken root across Africa, with the creation of a pro-Russia news agency called the “African Initiative.” The agency markets Moscow to the continent while tarnishing the West’s reputation.
As Russia’s influence in Africa continues to grow, it remains to be seen how the country will balance its interests with those of other powers on the continent. While China focuses on economics and infrastructure, Russia is more focused on security and military presence. For some African countries, the message of peace and security may be more important than economic ties, ensuring that Russia’s military presence will likely be welcomed by some leaders.
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